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The administrative division of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was the result of the long and complicated history of the fragmentation of the Polish Kingdom and the union of Poland and Lithuania. The lands that once belonged to the Commonwealth are now largely distributed among several Central, Eastern, and Northern European countries today: Poland (except western Poland), Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, most of Ukraine, parts of Russia, southern half of Estonia, and smaller pieces in Slovakia, Romania and Moldova. ==Terminology== While the term “Poland” was also commonly used to denote this whole polity, Poland was in fact only part of a greater whole – the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, which comprised primarily two parts: *the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (Poland proper), colloquially “the Crown”; and *the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, colloquially “Lithuania”. The Crown in turn comprised two “prowincjas”: Greater Poland and Lesser Poland. These and a third province, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, were the only three regions that were properly termed “provinces”. The Commonwealth was further divided into smaller administrative units known as voivodeships (''województwa'' – note that some sources use the word palatinate instead of voivodeship). Each voivodeship was governed by a Voivode (governor). Voivodeships were further divided into ''powiats'' (often translated as county) being governed by a ''starosta generalny'' or ''grodowy''. Cities were governed by castellans. There were frequent exceptions to these rules, often involving the ''ziemia'' subunit of administration: for details on the administrative structure of the Commonwealth, see the article on offices in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Royal lands (królewszczyzna) further divided into ''starostwa'', each ''starostwo'' being governed by a ''starosta niegrodowy''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Administrative division of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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